The economic impact of S-100B as a pre-head CT screening test on emergency department management of adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury The economic impact of S-100B as a pre-head CT screening test on emergency department management of adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury The economic impact of S-100B as a pre-head CT screening test on emergency department management of adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury Ruan S, Noyes K, Bazarian JJ Record Status (...) This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn. CRD summary This study estimated the cost reduction associated with serum-100B testing to determine whether a computed tomography (CT) scan was required for adults with an isolated mild traumatic brain injury. The authors

Systematic review of the literature on pain in patients with polytrauma including traumatic brain injury Systematic review of the literature on pain in patients with polytrauma including traumatic brain injury Systematic review of the literature on pain in patients with polytrauma including traumatic brain injury Dobscha SK, Clark ME, Morasco BJ, Freeman M, Campbell R, Helfand M CRD summary This review evaluated the assessment and management of pain in patients with polytraumatic injuries (...) , including traumatic brain injury and blast-related headache. The authors concluded that there was little evidence to guide pain assessment and treatment approaches. This conclusion reflects the evidence presented, but a cautious interpretation of reliability might be necessary due to potential biases in the review process. Authors' objectives To evaluate the assessment and management of pain in patients with polytraumatic injuries, including traumatic brain injury and blast-related headache. The review

Pre-hospital tracheal intubation in patients with traumatic brain injury: systematic review of current evidence Pre-hospital tracheal intubation in patients with traumatic brain injury: systematic review of current evidence Pre-hospital tracheal intubation in patients with traumatic brain injury: systematic review of current evidence von Elm E, Schoettker P, Henzi I, Osterwalder J, Walder B CRD summary The authors concluded that available evidence did not provide support for any benefit from (...) pre-hospital intubation and mechanical ventilation in traumatic brain injury. Overall the review was well-conducted and clearly reported. The authors’ conclusions reflected the limited evidence from poor quality studies and are likely to be reliable. Authors' objectives To evaluate the harms and benefits of pre-hospital tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury. Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies

The use of hypothermia as a treatment for traumatic brain injury The use of hypothermia as a treatment for traumatic brain injury The use of hypothermia as a treatment for traumatic brain injury Rupich K CRD summary This review evaluated hypothermia to treat traumatic brain injuries and concluded that there may be benefits of hypothermia treatment for some patients with severe traumatic head injuries. Insufficient information was presented about the conduct of the review, quality (...) of the included studies and results, so it was difficult to draw any conclusions about the reliability of the author's conclusions. Authors' objectives To evaluate the use of hypothermia as a treatment for traumatic brain injury. Searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PubMed were searched from 2000 to 2006 for English-language studies. Search terms were reported. Study selection Controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia used for at least 24 hours compared to normothermia in adults with a closed traumatic

A systematic review of psychological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury: an update on the evidence A systematic review of psychological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury: an update on the evidence A systematic review of psychological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury: an update on the evidence Snell DL, Surgenor LJ, Hay-Smith EJ, Siegert RJ CRD summary This review evaluated psychological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury in adults. The authors concluded (...) that there was very limited evidence to support the selection of active treatments for mild traumatic brain injury, although patient education approaches may have been beneficial in the early stages after injury. This conclusion reflected the limited evidence presented and is likely to be reliable. Authors' objectives To evaluate psychological treatments for mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in adults. Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL

Approaches to vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a review of the evidence Approaches to vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a review of the evidence Approaches to vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a review of the evidence Fadyl JK, McPherson KM CRD summary The authors concluded that there was little clear evidence to suggest the best practice approach to vocational rehabilitation in people with traumatic brain injury. Although (...) there were some limitations in reporting of the review, the authors’ conclusions appeared to reflect the limited evidence from a small number of flawed studies. Authors' objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches to vocational rehabilitation for people after traumatic brain injury. Searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, EBM databases and Web of Science were searched for studies published in English between 1999 and July 2007. Search terms

Visual problems in traumatic brain injury Visual problems in traumatic brain injury Visual problems in traumatic brain injury Adams E Record Status This is a bibliographic record of a published health technology assessment from a member of INAHTA. No evaluation of the quality of this assessment has been made for the HTA database. Citation Adams E. Visual problems in traumatic brain injury. Boston: VA Technology Assessment Program (VATAP). 2009 Authors' conclusions Mild TBI Overall, the findings (...) from this qualitative systematic review provide moderately suggestive evidence for a range of vision sequelae primarily in the acute stages of mild TBI in younger clinically-based adult populations. The evidence is limited by small sample size and heterogeneity in the selection of cases and controls, injury severity criteria and outcome measures. In the acute stages following mild TBI, photosensitivity is a common complaint particularly in the Veteran population. The evidence suggests that while

Direct brain tissue oxygen monitoring for traumatic brain injury Direct brain tissue oxygen monitoring for traumatic brain injury Direct brain tissue oxygen monitoring for traumatic brain injury Record Status This is a bibliographic record of a published health technology assessment. No evaluation of the quality of this assessment has been made for the HTA database. Report may be purchased from . Citation Direct brain tissue oxygen monitoring for traumatic brain injury . Lansdale: HAYES, Inc (...) .. 2009 Authors' objectives Direct brain tissue oxygen monitoring is used in conjunction with other monitoring modalities to better detect evolving brain injury and thereby avoid secondary brain insults before they cause irreversible damage. Direct brain tissue oxygen monitoring is accomplished by placing a small, oxygen-sensitive catheter directly into the brain tissue. The probe measures the partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial brain tissue, which is reflective of the balance between

Treatment for depression after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review Treatment for depression after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review Treatment for depression after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review Fann JR, Hart T, Schomer KG CRD summary This review concluded that there was a paucity of randomised controlled trials for depression following traumatic brain injury. Serotonergic antidepressants and cognitive behavioural interventions appeared to have the best preliminary (...) evidence for treating depression following traumatic brain injury. Although there were some methodological and reporting weaknesses, these conclusions appear to be appropriate. Authors' objectives To investigate interventions for depression following traumatic brain injury. Searching PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English since 1980. Search terms were reported. A flow chart suggested some form

Traumatic Brain Injury and PTSD: A Synthesis of the Evidence Management Briefs Search the HSR&D website Button to search HSRD ® Inside VA Budget and Performance Inside the News Room National Observances Special Events » » » » » Management Briefs Health Services Research & Development Management Briefs Management Briefs: Provide VA senior managers with results from VA Health Services Research in a concise and timely manner. , February 2017, Issue 122 , February 2017, Issue 122 , December 2016

Towards an understanding of sex differences in functional outcome following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review 18940988 2008 10 22 2008 11 04 2009 01 16 1468-330X 79 11 2008 Nov Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. Towards an understanding of sex differences in functional outcome following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. 1197-201 10.1136/jnnp.2008.147983 A clear understanding of the impact (...) sex differences play in clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome remains elusive. Animal research suggests that females have better functional outcomes following TBI than males. Therefore, this paper aims to systematically review all studies that have examined sex differences in functional outcome measures following moderate to severe TBI in humans. It was predicted that women would exhibit better functional outcome than men. A predefined study selection criteria was adopted to screen studies

Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury. BACKGROUND: Acute traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological tools have been investigated and considered as potential mechanisms for improving neurological outcome. Magnesium has been considered as one of these potential therapeutic tools because of its activity on NMDA-receptors, calcium channels and neuron membranes. Animal studies have indicated a beneficial (...) effect of magnesium on outcome after brain injury, but its efficacy in humans is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect of magnesium administration on mortality and morbidity in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's specialised register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library issue 2, 2008), MEDLINE (and PubMed to 28 May, 2008: last 60 days), EMBASE, National Research Register, Current

Branched-chain amino acids may improve recovery from a vegetative or minimally conscious state in patients with traumatic brain injury: a pilot study 18760149 2008 09 01 2008 09 23 2008 09 01 1532-821X 89 9 2008 Sep Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil Branched-chain amino acids may improve recovery from a vegetative or minimally conscious state in patients with traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. 1642-7 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.023 To investigate whether (...) , Montescano, Pavia, Italy. Boselli Mirella M Boschi Federica F Viglio Simona S Iadarola Paolo P Dossena Maurizia M Pastoris Ornella O Verri Manuela M eng Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial United States Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2985158R 0003-9993 0 Amino Acids, Branched-Chain 0 Placebos AIM IM Amino Acids, Branched-Chain administration & dosage Analysis of Variance Brain Injuries drug therapy Chi-Square Distribution Female Glasgow Coma Scale Humans Male Middle Aged Persistent Vegetative State drug

Neuroendocrine disorders after traumatic brain injury 18559460 2008 06 18 2008 07 08 2008 06 18 1468-330X 79 7 2008 Jul Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. Neuroendocrine disorders after traumatic brain injury. 753-9 10.1136/jnnp.2007.132837 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in young adults living in industrialised countries, in which 180-250 persons per 100 000 per year die or are hospitalised (...) that most cases of post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) remain undiagnosed and untreated. PTHP has been associated with adverse outcome both in the acute and chronic phases after injury. These data underscore the need for the identification and appropriate timely management of hormone deficiencies, in order to optimise patient recovery from head trauma, improve quality of life and avoid the long-term adverse consequences of untreated hypopituitarism. Behan L A LA Academic Department of Endocrinology

Modest cooling therapies (35 degrees C to 37.5 degrees C) for traumatic brain injury. BACKGROUND: A recent retrospective study suggested that after traumatic brain injury, patients with a raised body temperature have an unfavourable outcome compared to patients that have a normal body temperature. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of modest cooling therapies (defined as any drug or physical therapy aimed at maintaining body temperature between 35 degrees C and 37.5 degrees C) when applied (...) to patients in the first week after traumatic brain injury. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1950 to 2008), EMBASE (1980 to 2008), the National Research Register, Zetoc and the Current Controlled Trials MetaRegister of controlled trials. We also contacted investigators, pharmaceutical companies and the manufacturers of cooling equipment. The searches

Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury. BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory deconditioning is a common sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinically, fitness training is implemented to address this impairment, however this intervention has not been subject to rigorous review. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to evaluate whether fitness training improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people who have sustained a TBI. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched (...) ten electronic databases (Cochrane Injuries Group Trials Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); EMBASE; PubMed (MEDLINE); CINAHL; AMED; SPORTDiscus; PsycINFO; PEDro and PsycBITE) and two clinical trials registers (TrialsCentral and Current Controlled Trials). The last search was August 2007. In addition we screened reference lists from included studies and contacted trialists to identify further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled studies with TBI

Saline or Albumin for Fluid Resuscitation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury PEDSCCM.org Criteria abstracted from series in Review Posted: founded 1995 Questions or comments?

Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: practical prognostic models based on large cohort of international patients. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate practical prognostic models for death at 14 days and for death or severe disability six months after traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Multivariable logistic regression to select variables that were independently associated with two patient outcomes. Two models designed: "basic" model (demographic and clinical variables only) and "CT (...) " model (basic model plus results of computed tomography). The models were subsequently developed for high and low-middle income countries separately. SETTING: Medical Research Council (MRC) CRASH Trial. SUBJECTS: 10,008 patients with traumatic brain injury. Models externally validated in a cohort of 8509. RESULTS: The basic model included four predictors: age, Glasgow coma scale, pupil reactivity, and the presence of major extracranial injury. The CT model also included the presence of petechial

Treatment efficacy of social communication skills training after traumatic brain injury: a randomized treatment and deferred treatment controlled trial. 18047870 2007 11 30 2007 12 11 2015 11 19 1532-821X 88 12 2007 Dec Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil Treatment efficacy of social communication skills training after traumatic brain injury: a randomized treatment and deferred treatment controlled trial. 1561-73 To evaluate the efficacy of a replicable group (...) treatment program to improve social communication skills after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Randomized treatment and deferred treatment controlled trial, with follow-up at 3, 6, and 9 months post-treatment. Community. Volunteer sample of 52 people with TBI who were at least 1 year postinjury, who received rehabilitation, and who had identified social communication deficits. Twelve weekly group sessions (1.5 h each) to improve social communication. The Profile of Functional Impairment in Communication

Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. Soldiers returning from Iraq. BACKGROUND: An important medical concern of the Iraq war is the potential long-term effect of mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, particularly from blast explosions. However, the epidemiology of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury is poorly understood. METHODS: We surveyed 2525 U.S. Army infantry soldiers 3 to 4 months after their return from a year-long deployment to Iraq. Validated clinical instruments were used (...) to compare soldiers reporting mild traumatic brain injury, defined as an injury with loss of consciousness or altered mental status (e.g., dazed or confused), with soldiers who reported other injuries. RESULTS: Of 2525 soldiers, 124 (4.9%) reported injuries with loss of consciousness, 260 (10.3%) reported injuries with altered mental status, and 435 (17.2%) reported other injuries during deployment. Of those reporting loss of consciousness, 43.9% met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as