Treatment Effect Sizes of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for Pain and Disability in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) is a treatment-based classification system founded on 3 core principles: classification into diagnostic syndromes, classification-based intervention, and appropriate application of force. Many randomized controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of MDT for low back pain; however, results have varied. The inconsistent (...) delivery of MDT across trials may explain the different findings.To compare treatment effect sizes for pain or disability between trials that delivered MDT consistent with the core principles of the approach and trials that met some or none of these principles.In this systematic review, databases were searched from inception to June 2018 for studies that delivered MDT compared to nonpharmacological, conservative control interventions in patients with low back pain and reported outcomes of pain

Hand Pain and Sensory Deficits: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Clinical Practice Guidelines MIA ERICKSON, PT , EdD • MARSHA LAWRENCE, PT , DPT • CAROLINE W. STEGINK JANSEN, PT , PhD DIANE COKER, PT , DPT • PETER AMADIO, MD • CARLA CLEARY, PT , DPT Hand Pain and Sensory Deficits: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Academy of Hand and Upper Extremity Physical Therapy and the Academy of Orthopaedic (...) their patients regarding the effects of mouse use on carpal tunnel pressure and assist pa- tients in developing alternate strategies, including the use of ar- row keys, touch screens, or alternating the mouse hand. Clinicians may recommend keyboards with reduced strike force for patients with CTS who report pain with keyboard use. INTERVENTIONS – ORTHOSES B Clinicians should recommend a neutral-positioned wrist orthosis worn at night for short-term symptom relief and functional improvement for individuals

Psychosocial Factors in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review of Treatment Trials and Survey Studies Diabetes mellitus is associated with a number of complications that can adversely impact patients' quality of life. A common and often painful complication is painful diabetic neuropathy. The aims of this study were to systematically review and summarize evidence from studies of psychological treatments and psychosocial factors related to painful diabetic neuropathy and assess (...) the methodological quality of these studies.Electronic databases, related reviews, and associated reference lists were searched. Summaries of participants' data relating to the efficacy of psychological treatments and/or to associations between psychosocial factors and outcomes in painful diabetic neuropathy were extracted from the included studies. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using two standardized quality assessment tools.From 2,921 potentially relevant titles identified, 27

The Effect of Patient Characteristics on Acupuncture Treatment Outcomes: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of 20,827 Chronic Pain Patients in Randomized Controlled Trials To optimally select chronic pain patients for different treatments, as it is of interest to identify patient characteristics that might moderate treatment effect. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of possible moderators on the effect of acupuncture treatment using a large data set.We used data from an individual (...) patient data meta-analysis of high-quality randomized trials of acupuncture for chronic headache and migraine, osteoarthritis, and back, neck, and shoulder pain. Using meta-analytic trial-level and patient-level regression analyses, we explored the impact of 5 documented patient characteristics (patients' age at baseline, sex, pain duration, baseline pain severity and baseline psychological distress) on the effect of acupuncture.A total of 39 trials met the inclusion criteria: 25 use sham-acupuncture

Pooled analysis of tanezumab efficacy and safety with subgroup analyses of phase III clinical trials in patients with osteoarthritis pain of the knee or hip A pooled analysis was conducted to evaluate tanezumab efficacy and safety in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), including subgroup analyses of at-risk patients with diabetes, severe OA symptoms, and those aged ≥65 years.Data from phase III placebo-controlled clinical trials of patients with moderate-to-severe OA of the knee or hip were (...) pooled to evaluate tanezumab efficacy (four trials) and safety (nine trials). Patients received intravenous tanezumab, tanezumab plus an oral NSAID (naproxen, celecoxib, or diclofenac), active comparator (naproxen, celecoxib, diclofenac, or oxycodone), or placebo. Efficacy assessments included change from baseline to week 16 in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and physical function scores, Patient's Global Assessment (PGA) of OA, and percentage of patients

Pain management after laparoscopic hysterectomy: systematic review of literature and PROSPECT recommendations Laparoscopic hysterectomy is increasingly performed because it is associated with less postoperative pain and earlier recovery as compared with open abdominal hysterectomy. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature regarding the management of pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy.Randomized controlled trials evaluating postoperative pain after (...) of shoulder pain, but not abdominal pain.The baseline analgesic regimen for laparoscopic hysterectomy should include acetaminophen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone, and opioids as rescue analgesics.© American Society of Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Pain Management for Ambulatory Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evidence-Based Recommendations From the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Ambulatory arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is associated with moderate pain, even when nonopioid oral analgesics such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Regional analgesia can supplement nonopioid oral analgesics and reduce postoperative opioid requirements, but the choice

Randomized Trial of Sacroiliac Joint Arthrodesis Compared with Conservative Management for Chronic Low Back Pain Attributed to the Sacroiliac Joint Sacroiliac joint pain is increasingly recognized as a cause of low back pain. We compared the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint arthrodesis using triangular titanium implants and conservative management in patients with chronic sacroiliac joint pain.This study was a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial (...) of adults with chronic sacroiliac joint pain assigned to either conservative management or sacroiliac joint arthrodesis with triangular titanium implants. The study end points included self-rated low back pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), back dysfunction (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), and quality of life. Ninety percent of subjects in both groups completed the study.Between June 6, 2013, and May 15, 2015, 103 subjects were randomly assigned to conservative management (n = 51) or sacroiliac joint

Pain experienced by infants and toddlers at urine collection bag removal: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial In pre-continent children, collection bags are frequently used as a first-line option to obtain a urine specimen. This practice, acknowledged by several guidelines for the step of UTI screening, is driven by a perception of the technique as being more convenient and less painful. However, our own experience led us to consider bag removal as a painful experience.Our aim (...) was to determine whether the use of an oleo-calcareous liniment to aid bag removal reduced the acute pain expressed by young children.This prospective, randomized, controlled, single blind study was carried out in two emergency pediatrics departments. Pre-continent children aged 0-36 months admitted with an indication for urine testing were eligible for the study. Urine for dipstick test screening was obtained using a collection bag. At micturition, the patients were randomized into bag removal

Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic neuropathic postamputation pain: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial Chronic neuropathic pain is a common challenging condition following amputation. Recent research demonstrated the feasibility of percutaneously implanting fine-wire coiled peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) leads in proximity to the sciatic and femoral nerves for postamputation pain. A multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo (...) -controlled study collected data on the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous PNS for chronic neuropathic pain following amputation.Twenty-eight lower extremity amputees with postamputation pain were enrolled. Subjects underwent ultrasound-guided implantation of percutaneous PNS leads and were randomized to receive PNS or placebo for 4 weeks. The placebo group then crossed over and all subjects received PNS for four additional weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint evaluated the proportion of subjects

Pain coping skills training for African Americans with osteoarthritis: results of a randomized controlled trial African Americans bear a disproportionate burden of osteoarthritis (OA), but they have been underrepresented in trials of behavioral interventions for pain. This trial examined a culturally tailored pain coping skills training (CST) program, compared to a wait list control group, among 248 African Americans with knee or hip OA. The pain CST program involved 11 telephone-based sessions (...) over 3 months. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 months (primary), and 9 months, and included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale (primary outcome), WOMAC total score and function subscale, PROMIS Pain Interference, Short-Form 12 Mental and Physical Composite Subscales, Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Total Coping Attempts, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-8, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, and Patient Global Impression

Restrictive strategy versus usual care for cholecystectomy in patients with gallstones and abdominal pain (SECURE): a multicentre, randomised, parallel-arm, non-inferiority trial. International guidelines advise laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat symptomatic, uncomplicated gallstones. Usual care regarding cholecystectomy is associated with practice variation and persistent post-cholecystectomy pain in 10-41% of patients. We aimed to compare the non-inferiority of a restrictive strategy (...) with stepwise selection with usual care to assess (in)efficient use of cholecystectomy.We did a multicentre, randomised, parallel-arm, non-inferiority study in 24 academic and non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. We enrolled patients aged 18-95 years with abdominal pain and ultrasound-proven gallstones or sludge. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either usual care in which selection for cholecystectomy was left to the discretion of the surgeon, or a restrictive strategy with stepwise selection

Effect of Doxepin Mouthwash or Diphenhydramine-Lidocaine-Antacid Mouthwash vs Placebo on Radiotherapy-Related Oral Mucositis Pain: The Alliance A221304 Randomized Clinical Trial. Oral mucositis causes substantial morbidity during head and neck radiotherapy. In a randomized study, doxepin mouthwash was shown to reduce oral mucositis-related pain. A common mouthwash comprising diphenhydramine-lidocaine-antacid is also widely used.To evaluate the effect of doxepin mouthwash or diphenhydramine (...) -lidocaine-antacid mouthwash for the treatment of oral mucositis-related pain.A phase 3 randomized trial was conducted from November 1, 2014, to May 16, 2016, at 30 US institutions and included 275 patients who underwent definitive head and neck radiotherapy, had an oral mucositis pain score of 4 points or greater (scale, 0-10), and were followed up for a maximum of 28 days.Ninety-two patients were randomized to doxepin mouthwash (25 mg/5 mL water); 91 patients to diphenhydramine-lidocaine-antacid

Transition from acute to chronic pain after surgery. Over the past decade there has been an increasing reliance on strong opioids to treat acute and chronic pain, which has been associated with a rising epidemic of prescription opioid misuse, abuse, and overdose-related deaths. Deaths from prescription opioids have more than quadrupled in the USA since 1999, and this pattern is now occurring globally. Inappropriate opioid prescribing after surgery, particularly after discharge, is a major cause (...) of this problem. Chronic postsurgical pain, occurring in approximately 10% of patients who have surgery, typically begins as acute postoperative pain that is difficult to control, but soon transitions into a persistent pain condition with neuropathic features that are unresponsive to opioids. Research into how and why this transition occurs has led to a stronger appreciation of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, use of more effective and safer opioid-sparing analgesic regimens, and non-pharmacological interventions

Analgesic effects of a capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency in patients with myofascial chronic neck pain: a pilot randomized controlled trial. To date, there is a lack of prior studies on the use of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (RF) to treat neck pain. The objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (RF=448 kHz), in comparison with a placebo, on (1) reducing neck pain intensity at myofascial trigger (...) points (MTrP), (2) decreasing neck disability and (3) improving cervical range of motion (CROM).A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02353195) was carried out. Patients with myofascial chronic neck pain (N=24) with active MTrP in one upper trapezius muscle were randomly divided into two groups: a radio-frequency group, which received eight sessions of a monopolar capacitive resistive radio-frequency application over the upper trapezius muscle, and a placebo group (PG), which

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain - an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Chronic pain, considered to be pain lasting more than three months, is a common and often difficult to treat condition that can significantly impact upon function and quality of life. Treatment typically includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an adjunct non-pharmacological treatment commonly recommended by clinicians (...) and often used by people with pain.To provide an overview of evidence from Cochrane Reviews of the effectiveness of TENS to reduce pain in adults with chronic pain (excluding headache or migraine).To provide an overview of evidence from Cochrane Reviews of the safety of TENS when used to reduce pain in adults with chronic pain (excluding headache or migraine).To identify possible sources of inconsistency in the approaches taken to evaluating the evidence related to TENS for chronic pain (excluding

Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. This is the first update of a review published in 2015, Issue 1. Chronic pain is common during childhood and adolescence and is associated with negative outcomes, such as increased severity of pain, reduced function, and low mood. Psychological therapies, traditionally delivered face-to-face with a therapist, are efficacious at reducing pain intensity and disability (...) , for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents.We searched four databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO) from inception to May 2018 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of remotely-delivered psychological interventions for children and adolescents with chronic pain. We searched for chronic pain conditions including, but not exclusive to, headache, recurrent abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain. We also searched online trial registries, reference sections

Herbal medicinal products or preparations for neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is a consequence of damage to the central nervous system (CNS), for example, cerebrovascular accident, multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury, or peripheral nervous system (PNS), for example, painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), or surgery. Evidence suggests that people suffering from neuropathic pain are likely to seek alternative modes of pain relief such as herbal medicinal products (...) due to adverse events brought about by current pharmacological agents used to treat neuropathic pain. This review includes studies in which participants were treated with herbal medicinal products (topically or ingested) who had experienced neuropathic pain for at least three months.To assess the analgesic efficacy and effectiveness of herbal medicinal products or preparations for neuropathic pain, and the adverse events associated with their use.We searched CENTRAL and the Cochrane Database

Preventive skin analgesia with lidocaine patch for management of post-thoracotomy pain: Results of a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. To evaluate whether pre-emptive skin analgesia using a lidocaine patch 5% would improve the effects of systemic morphine analgesia for controlling acute post-thoracotomy pain.This was a double-blind, placebo controlled, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive lidocaine 5% patch (lidocaine group) or a placebo (placebo group (...) ) three days before thoracotomy. Postoperative analgesia was induced in all cases with intravenous morphine analgesia. The intergroup differences were assessed in order to evaluate whether the lidocaine patch 5% would have effects on pain intensity when at rest and after coughing (primary end-point) on morphine consumption, on the recovery of respiratory function, and on peripheral painful pathways measured with N2 and P2 laser-evoked potential (secondary end-points).A total of 90 patients were

Naldemedine (Rizmoic) - treating constipation caused by opioid pain relief medicines 30 Churchill Place ? Canary Wharf ? London E14 5EU ? United Kingdom An agency of the European Union Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact © European Medicines Agency, 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. EMA/21684/2019 EMEA/H/C/004256 Rizmoic An overview of Rizmoic and why it is authorised in the EU (...) What is Rizmoic and what is it used for? Rizmoic is a medicine for treating constipation caused by opioid pain relief medicines in patients who have previously been treated with a laxative (a medicine that triggers bowel movements). It contains the active substance naldemedine. How is Rizmoic used? Rizmoic is available as 200 microgram tablets. The recommended dose is one tablet once daily, which the patient can take with or without a laxative. The patient must stop taking Rizmoic when