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Trip is a clinical search engine designed to allow users to quickly and easily find and use high-quality research evidence to support their practice and/or care.
Trip has been online since 1997 and in that time has developed into the internet’s premier source of evidence-based content. Our motto is ‘Find evidence fast’ and this is something we aim to deliver for every single search.
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Autism
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder (a type of mental disorder) characterised by difficult social interaction, impaired communication (both verbal and non-verbal), and restricted and repetitive behaviours. It forms part of the broader autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a range of similar conditions, including Asperger syndrome.
Autism is a condition that begins from early childhood and is often suspected and diagnosed by ages 1-3. It is a lifelong disability that affects how people interact with others.
Autism causes and treatment
There have been many misconceptions as to what causes autism in the past such as the MMR vaccine and diet. Extensive research and clinical trials have concluded that none of these factors cause autism or ASD. However, the real cause is little understood but research is starting to unpick potential factors such as genetics, pollution and other environmental factors. A current favoured idea is that genes inherited from a child’s parents can make them more vulnerable to developing autism, some researchers suggest that the disorder will only develop when triggered by environmental factors.
The exact cause of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, however research into the disorder suggest that it is caused by several genetic and environmental factors. Genes inherited from a child’s parents can make them more vulnerable to developing autism, some researchers suggest that the disorder will only develop when triggered by environmental factors. Read more in clinical papers on autism.
Autism can be managed with a combination of prescribed medicines and behavioural treatment, depending on the severity of the disorder. Read about clinical trials and medical advancements for the treatment of autism on Trip.
Hot topics in Trip
Users of Trip frequently look at topics around adolescents, therapies, behaviour and screening. They also explore such topics as omega-3 fatty acids, SSRIs and aripiprazole. All these topics, and more, can be easily searched for within Trip.
Top results for autism
201. Efficacy of applied behavioral intervention in preschool children with autism for improving cognitive, language, and adaptive behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Efficacy of applied behavioral intervention in preschool children with autism for improving cognitive, language, and adaptive behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis Efficacy of applied behavioral intervention in preschool children with autism for improving cognitive, language, and adaptive behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis Efficacy of applied behavioral intervention in preschool children with autism for improving cognitive, language, and adaptive behavior: a systematic (...) review and meta-analysis Spreckley M, Boyd R CRD summary This review concluded that, according to available evidence, applied behavioural intervention programmes did not have better outcomes than standard care for children with autism. The results of this review should be treated with some caution given the high variability of included studies and problems with the overall analysis. Authors' objectives To assess the effectiveness of applied behaviour intervention programmes for preschool children
DARE.2009
202. Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA young autism project model
Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA young autism project model Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA young autism project model Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA young autism project model Reichow B, Wolery M CRD summary This review found that early (...) intensive behavioural interventions were on average an effective treatment for children with autism, but the authors advised caution in interpreting the results due to gaps and limitations in the evidence base. The authors' cautious conclusions appear to be justified. Authors' objectives To synthesise the studies on early intensive behavioural interventions based on the University of California at Los Angeles Young Autism Project model for young children with autism Searching The authors searched
DARE.2009
203. The use of weighted vests with children with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities
The use of weighted vests with children with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities The use of weighted vests with children with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities The use of weighted vests with children with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities Stephenson J, Carter M CRD summary The authors concluded that weighted vests were ineffective in remediating behaviour problems of children with autism spectrum disorders and other behavioural disabilities. Despite (...) concerns about aspects of the review methods, the authors conclusions were appropriate given the limited and poor-quality evidence that was identified. Authors' objectives To assess the effectiveness of the use of weighted vests for children with autism spectrum disorders and other behavioural disabilities. Searching PsychINFO, ERIC and CINAHL were searched and studies looked for using Google Scholar. Search terms were reported, but search dates were not. The reference lists of retrieved publications
DARE.2009
204. PTEN sequence variants in macrocephaly / autism syndrome
PTEN sequence variants in macrocephaly / autism syndrome PTEN sequence variants in macrocephaly / autism syndrome PTEN sequence variants in macrocephaly / autism syndrome Record Status This is a bibliographic record of a published health technology assessment. No evaluation of the quality of this assessment has been made for the HTA database. Report may be purchased from Citation PTEN sequence variants in macrocephaly / autism syndrome . Lansdale: HAYES, Inc.. 2009 Authors' objectives Autism (...) research has focused on autism/ASD and macrocephaly related to PTEN sequence variants. Project page URL Indexing Status Subject indexing assigned by CRD MeSH Autistic Disorder; Genetic Predisposition to Diseases; Risk Factors Language Published English Country of organisation United States Address for correspondence 157 S. Broad Street, Suite 200, Lansdale, PA 19446, USA. Tel: 215 855 0615; Fax: 215 855 5218 Email: mwinkler@hayesinc.com AccessionNumber 32010000914 Date abstract record published 01/09
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database.2009
205. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of autism
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of autism Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of autism Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of autism Record Status This is a bibliographic record of a published health technology assessment. No evaluation of the quality of this assessment has been made for the HTA database. Report may be purchased from . Citation Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of autism . Lansdale (...) : HAYES, Inc.. 2009 Authors' objectives Serotonergic abnormalities may contribute to the underlying etiology of autism. Therefore, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly being prescribed as an off-label treatment for children and adults with autism. The goal of SSRI treatment is to minimize the severity of core behavioral deficits and associated behaviors, maximize functionality, and improve quality of life for autistic individuals and their families. Project page URL
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database.2009
206. Do children with autism and developmental regression need EEG investigation in the absence of clinical seizures?
Do children with autism and developmental regression need EEG investigation in the absence of clinical seizures? BestBets: Do children with autism and developmental regression need EEG investigation in the absence of clinical seizures? Do children with autism and developmental regression need EEG investigation in the absence of clinical seizures? Report By: Dr Choong Yi Fong - Paediatric Neurology Specialist Registrar Search checked by G. Baird, E Wraige - Institution: Evelina Children's (...) Hospital, London, UK and Guy's Hospital Date Submitted: 31st July 2007 Last Modified: 5th November 2008 Status: Green (complete) Three Part Question In [a seizure-free child with autism presenting with developmental regression] is [EEG] necessary to [rule out subclinical epilepsy]? Clinical Scenario A child presents to your developmental clinic at 30 months old. His mother reports developmental regression of previously acquired developmental milestones. He has now lost his previously acquired language
BestBETS2008
207. Evidence-Based Review of Interventions for Autism Used in or of Relevance to Occupational Therapy
Evidence-Based Review of Interventions for Autism Used in or of Relevance to Occupational Therapy 18712004 2008 08 20 2008 12 19 2012 08 27 0272-9490 62 4 2008 Jul-Aug The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association Am J Occup Ther Evidence-based review of interventions for autism used in or of relevance to occupational therapy. 416-29 Occupational therapy practitioners are among the professionals who provide services (...) to children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), embracing both leadership and supportive roles in service delivery. The study's primary aims were as follows: (1) to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the research literature on interventions for ASD of relevance to occupational therapy and (2) to interpret and apply the research literature to occupational therapy. A total of 49 articles met the authors' criteria and were included in the review. Six categories of research topics were identified
EvidenceUpdates2008
208. Birth weight and gestational age characteristics of children with autism, including a comparison with other developmental disabilities
Birth weight and gestational age characteristics of children with autism, including a comparison with other developmental disabilities 18519485 2008 06 03 2008 08 11 2008 06 03 1098-4275 121 6 2008 Jun Pediatrics Pediatrics Birth weight and gestational age characteristics of children with autism, including a comparison with other developmental disabilities. 1155-64 10.1542/peds.2007-1049 The objectives of this study were to compare the birth weight and gestational age distributions (...) and prevalence rates of autism with those of other developmental disabilities and to estimate the birth weight-and gestational age-specific risks for autism. For the first objective, a retrospective cohort of children born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1981-1993 who survived to 3 years of age was identified through vital records. Children in the cohort who had developmental disabilities (autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, or vision impairment) and were still residing in metropolitan Atlanta
EvidenceUpdates2008
209. Parental psychiatric disorders associated with autism spectrum disorders in the offspring
Parental psychiatric disorders associated with autism spectrum disorders in the offspring 18450879 2008 05 02 2008 06 04 2008 11 03 1098-4275 121 5 2008 May Pediatrics Pediatrics Parental psychiatric disorders associated with autism spectrum disorders in the offspring. e1357-62 10.1542/peds.2007-2296 Autism is a developmental disorder defined by impaired social interaction, communication, and behavior. Causes and correlates of autism are largely unknown, but elevated frequencies of psychiatric (...) disorders and distinct personality traits have been reported among the family members of individuals with autism. Linkage of data from Swedish registries was used to investigate whether hospitalization for psychiatric conditions was higher among parents of children with autism compared with control subjects. Data sources included the Swedish Medical Birth Register (child's birth), the Swedish Multi-Generation Register (linking parents to children), and Swedish Hospital Discharge Register
EvidenceUpdates2008
210. Positive screening for autism in ex-preterm infants: prevalence and risk factors
Positive screening for autism in ex-preterm infants: prevalence and risk factors 18381541 2008 04 02 2008 04 30 2016 11 22 1098-4275 121 4 2008 Apr Pediatrics Pediatrics Positive screening for autism in ex-preterm infants: prevalence and risk factors. 758-65 10.1542/peds.2007-2158 The survival of very low birth weight infants has increased markedly in recent years. Unfortunately, the prevalence of significant and lifelong motor, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction has remained a major problem (...) confronting these children. The objective of this study was to perform screening tests for early autistic features in children with a history of very low birth weight and to identify risk factors associated with a positive screening result. We studied 91 ex-preterm infants < or = 1500 g at birth. Infants underwent conventional MRI studies at preterm and/or term-adjusted age. We collected pertinent demographic, prenatal, intrapartum, acute postnatal, and short-term outcome data for all infants. Follow-up
EvidenceUpdates2008 Full Text: Link to full Text with Trip Pro
211. Interventions targeting joint attention and symbolic play can improve aspects of these skills in young children with autism
Interventions targeting joint attention and symbolic play can improve aspects of these skills in young children with autism Interventions targeting joint attention and symbolic play can improve aspects of these skills in young children with autism | Evidence-Based Mental Health This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password (...) * your user name or password? Search for this keyword Search for this keyword Main menu Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? You are here Interventions targeting joint attention and symbolic play can improve aspects of these skills in young children with autism Article Text Therapeutics Interventions targeting joint attention and symbolic play can improve aspects of these skills in young
Evidence-Based Mental Health2008
212. Association between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism.
Association between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism. BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder is a heritable developmental disorder in which chromosomal abnormalities are thought to play a role. METHODS: As a first component of a genomewide association study of families from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE), we used two novel algorithms to search for recurrent copy-number variations in genotype data from 751 multiplex families with autism. Specific recurrent de (...) novo events were further evaluated in clinical-testing data from Children's Hospital Boston and in a large population study in Iceland. RESULTS: Among the AGRE families, we observed five instances of a de novo deletion of 593 kb on chromosome 16p11.2. Using comparative genomic hybridization, we observed the identical deletion in 5 of 512 children referred to Children's Hospital Boston for developmental delay, mental retardation, or suspected autism spectrum disorder, as well as in 3 of 299 persons
NEJM2008
213. Social skills interventions for children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a review and recommendations
Social skills interventions for children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a review and recommendations Social skills interventions for children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a review and recommendations Social skills interventions for children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a review and recommendations Rao P A, Beidel D C, Murray M J CRD summary This review assessed the effectiveness of Social Skills Training (SST) programs (...) for children with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) and found little empirical support for them. Given doubts about the review process these results should be considered with caution. Authors' objectives To review the literature on the effectiveness of Social Skills Training (SST) programs for children with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA). Searching PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences and Academic Search Primer were searched
DARE.2008
214. Constant and progressive time delay procedures for teaching children with autism: a literature review
Constant and progressive time delay procedures for teaching children with autism: a literature review Constant and progressive time delay procedures for teaching children with autism: a literature review Constant and progressive time delay procedures for teaching children with autism: a literature review Walker G CRD summary This poorly reported review of the research conducted on constant and progressive time delay procedures used for teaching children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD (...) ) concluded that both techniques had been shown to be effective. The conclusions were based on limited primary data and indirect comparisons, and should be interpreted with caution. Authors' objectives To provide a review of research conducted on constant and progressive time delay procedures used for teaching children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Searching ERIC, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Professional Development Collection and the Education Full Text library databases were searched. Search terms
DARE.2008
215. Behavioural and developmental interventions for autism spectrum disorder: a clinical systematic review
Behavioural and developmental interventions for autism spectrum disorder: a clinical systematic review Behavioural and developmental interventions for autism spectrum disorder: a clinical systematic review Behavioural and developmental interventions for autism spectrum disorder: a clinical systematic review Ospina MB, Seida JK, Clark B, Karkhaneh M, Hartling L, Tjosvold L, Vandermeer B, Smith V CRD summary This review concluded that Lovaas may be more effective than special education (...) in improving some core features of autism spectrum disorders, but clinical management should be based on an individual basis. This was a generally well-conducted review, but given the limitations with the studies included in the review, it is difficult to confirm the reliability of the authors' conclusions. Authors' objectives To assess the effectiveness of behavioural and developmental interventions for improving symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL
DARE.2008
216. Special report: aCGH for the genetic evaluation of patients with developmental delay/mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder
Special report: aCGH for the genetic evaluation of patients with developmental delay/mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder Special report: aCGH for the genetic evaluation of patients with developmental delay/mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder Special report: aCGH for the genetic evaluation of patients with developmental delay/mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder BlueCross BlueShield Association Record Status This is a bibliographic record of a published health (...) technology assessment. No evaluation of the quality of this assessment has been made for the HTA database. Citation BlueCross BlueShield Association. Special report: aCGH for the genetic evaluation of patients with developmental delay/mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder. Chicago IL: BlueCross BlueShield Association (BCBS). TEC Assessment 23(10). 2008 Authors' conclusions Current guidelines for early assessment of DD/MR and for ASD recommend genetic evaluation for those cases that cannot
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database.2008
217. Special report: early intensive behavioral intervention based on applied behavior analysis among children with autism spectrum disorders
Special report: early intensive behavioral intervention based on applied behavior analysis among children with autism spectrum disorders Special report: early intensive behavioral intervention based on applied behavior analysis among children with autism spectrum disorders Special report: early intensive behavioral intervention based on applied behavior analysis among children with autism spectrum disorders BlueCross BlueShield Association Record Status This is a bibliographic record (...) of a published health technology assessment. No evaluation of the quality of this assessment has been made for the HTA database. Citation BlueCross BlueShield Association. Special report: early intensive behavioral intervention based on applied behavior analysis among children with autism spectrum disorders. Chicago IL: BlueCross BlueShield Association (BCBS). TEC Assessment 23(9). 2008 Authors' objectives To conduct a systematic review of the research literature on the use of EIBI among young children
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database.2008
218. Autism and prenatal exposure to storms
Autism and prenatal exposure to storms Autism and prenatal exposure to storms | Evidence-Based Mental Health This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? Search for this keyword Search for this keyword Main menu Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers (...) of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? You are here Autism and prenatal exposure to storms Article Text Prevalence Autism and prenatal exposure to storms Statistics from Altmetric.com No Altmetric data available for this article. Request permissions If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse
Evidence-Based Mental Health2008
219. Chorioamnionitis, gestational age, male sex, birth weight, and illness severity predicted positive autism screening scores in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants
Chorioamnionitis, gestational age, male sex, birth weight, and illness severity predicted positive autism screening scores in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants Chorioamnionitis, gestational age, male sex, birth weight, and illness severity predicted positive autism screening scores in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants | Evidence-Based Nursing This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Log in via your Society Log in using your (...) username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? Search for this keyword Search for this keyword Main menu Log in via your Society Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? You are here Chorioamnionitis, gestational age, male sex, birth weight, and illness severity predicted positive autism screening scores in very
Evidence-Based Nursing (Requires free registration)2008
220. Discontinuing risperidone results in relapse in children with autism spectrum disorders
Discontinuing risperidone results in relapse in children with autism spectrum disorders Discontinuing risperidone results in relapse in children with autism spectrum disorders | Evidence-Based Mental Health This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? Search for this keyword Search (...) for this keyword Main menu Log in using your username and password For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts Username * Password * your user name or password? You are here Discontinuing risperidone results in relapse in children with autism spectrum disorders Article Text Therapeutics Discontinuing risperidone results in relapse in children with autism spectrum disorders Statistics from Altmetric.com No Altmetric data available for this article. Troost PW, Lahuis BE, Steenhuis MP, et al